Kamis, 07 Mei 2009

Computer software

Overview

Computer software is often regarded as something, but hardware, meaning that the "hard" part is clear, while "soft" is the intangible object in the computer. Software includes a very wide variety of products and technology that was developed using various techniques such as programming languages, scripting languages, or even FPGA microcode or the country. Types of software include web pages developed by technologies like HTML, PHP, Perl, JSP, ASP.NET, XML, and desktop applications like Microsoft Word, OpenOffice developed by technology such as C, C + +, Java, C #, etc. Software usually runs on a software operating system like Microsoft Windows or Linux. This software is also a video game system and the logic of modern consumer devices such as cars, televisions, toasters, etc.

Relationship to computer hardware
Computer software that is called to distinguish it from computer hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute (or run) the software. At the lowest level, software consists of a machine language specific to each processor. A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions which change the computer's previous state. The software is a sequence of ordered instructions to change the computer hardware in a particular order. Usually written in high level programming language that is easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language) than machine language. High-level language that is compiled or interpreted into machine language object code. The software can also be written in assembly language, essentially, a mnemonic representation of machine language using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language must be assembled into object code through the assembler.

The term "software" was first used in this sense by John W. Tukey in 1958. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all computer programs. Theoretical basis for most modern software was first proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay computable numbers with an application to Entscheidungsproblem.


Types of software

Practical computer systems divide software systems into three major classes: system software, programming software and application software, although the difference is arbitrary, and often blurred.