Computer is a tool that is used to process data in accordance with the procedures that have been formulated. The word computer is used to describe people who perkerjaannya perform arithmetic calculations, with or without hearing aids, but the meaning of these words and then moved to the machine itself. First of origin, processing information almost exclusively related to the arithmetic problem, but modern computers are used for many tasks not related to mathematics.
In such definition, there are tools like a slide rule, mechanical calculator of the type of abakus and so on, until all contemporary electronic computers. A more appropriate term for the broad sense as "computer" is "to process information" or "information processing system."
How Computers Work
While the technology used in digital computer has changed dramatically since the first computer in the 1940s (see History of the hardware count for more detail), most computers still use Von Neumann architecture, which is proposed in the early 1940's by John von Neumann .
Von Neumann architecture describes a computer with four main areas: arithmetic and Logical Unit (pestle), the control unit, memory, inputs and equipment and the results (collectively called I / O). This section is connected by the wire, "bus"
In such definition, there are tools like a slide rule, mechanical calculator of the type of abakus and so on, until all contemporary electronic computers. A more appropriate term for the broad sense as "computer" is "to process information" or "information processing system."
How Computers Work
While the technology used in digital computer has changed dramatically since the first computer in the 1940s (see History of the hardware count for more detail), most computers still use Von Neumann architecture, which is proposed in the early 1940's by John von Neumann .
Von Neumann architecture describes a computer with four main areas: arithmetic and Logical Unit (pestle), the control unit, memory, inputs and equipment and the results (collectively called I / O). This section is connected by the wire, "bus"
Memory
In this system, memory is a sequence of bytes be numbered (like "cells" or "hole dove"), each containing a small piece of information. This information may be said to command the computer what to do. Cell may contain data that is required to conduct a computer command. Each slot may contain one, and that now the data may then become a command.
Memory store various forms of information as binary digits. Information that has not solved akan shaped binary (encoded) with a number of instructions into a sequence of numbers or figures. For example: Letter F is stored as a decimal number 70 (or binary digits) using one of the methods of solution. More complex instructions that can be used to store images, sound, video, and all kinds of information. The information can be stored in a sell is called a byte.
In general, memory can be written back over millions of times - the memory can diumpamakan as blackboard and chalk that can be removed and re-written, rather than write a book with a pen that can not be deleted.
The size of each cell, and the number of cells, a great change from computer to computer, and technology in the making of memory is a great change - from Electromechanical relay, to a tube filled with mercury (and spring) in which the acoustic balance established, permanent magnet to the matrix, to each transistor, to integrated circuits with millions of transistor on a single Silicon chip.
Processing
Unit Pemproses Center or CPU (central processing unit) to process berperanan landing, and carry out counting down laluan information menerusi computer system. Unit or peranti akan pemprosesan also communicate with peranti input, output and storan for implementing the referral-related referrals.
In von Neumann architecture of the original, he describes an arithmetic and Logic Unit and a Control Unit. In modern computers, the second unit is located in a single integrated circuit (IC - Integrated Circuit), which is usually referred to as CPU (Central Processing Unit).
Logic and arithmetic units, or Arithmetic Logic Unit (alu), is a tool that make the implementation as the implementation of basic arithmetic (addition, subtraction, and the like), the implementation of logical (AND, OR, NOT), and the implementation of the comparison (for example, compare the contents of two slots for equality). This is done on the units "work" is evident.
Save the command control unit which is now done by computer, ordered the implementation and pestle to get the information back (from memory) that is required to implement the command, and move the results back to a memory location that is appropriate. Once that happens, the control unit to go to the next (usually placed in the next slot, except that the command is the command to jump to inform the computer that the next placed in another location).
Input and Results
I / O allows the computer to get information from the outside world, and put the work there can be physical (hardcopy) or non-physical (softcopy). There are various means of I / O, from the familiar keyboard, monitor and disk drive, to the more unusual such as webcam (web camera, printer, scanner, and so forth.
Owned by all normal means of entry is that they encode to (change) from a range of information in the data can be further processed by a digital computer system. Tool output, men-in to decode the data information which can be understood by the computer. In this sense, the computer system is an example of digital data processing system.
Operating system is a combination of such a useful code snippet. When such a computer code can be used together by a variety of different computer programs, after many years, programmers finally menmindahkannya the operating system.
Operating system, determine which program is run, when, and where the equipment (such as memory or I / O) that they use. Operating system also provides services to other programs, such as a code (drivers) that allows programmers to write programs for a machine without the need to know the detail of all electronic equipment that is connected.
In this system, memory is a sequence of bytes be numbered (like "cells" or "hole dove"), each containing a small piece of information. This information may be said to command the computer what to do. Cell may contain data that is required to conduct a computer command. Each slot may contain one, and that now the data may then become a command.
Memory store various forms of information as binary digits. Information that has not solved akan shaped binary (encoded) with a number of instructions into a sequence of numbers or figures. For example: Letter F is stored as a decimal number 70 (or binary digits) using one of the methods of solution. More complex instructions that can be used to store images, sound, video, and all kinds of information. The information can be stored in a sell is called a byte.
In general, memory can be written back over millions of times - the memory can diumpamakan as blackboard and chalk that can be removed and re-written, rather than write a book with a pen that can not be deleted.
The size of each cell, and the number of cells, a great change from computer to computer, and technology in the making of memory is a great change - from Electromechanical relay, to a tube filled with mercury (and spring) in which the acoustic balance established, permanent magnet to the matrix, to each transistor, to integrated circuits with millions of transistor on a single Silicon chip.
Processing
Unit Pemproses Center or CPU (central processing unit) to process berperanan landing, and carry out counting down laluan information menerusi computer system. Unit or peranti akan pemprosesan also communicate with peranti input, output and storan for implementing the referral-related referrals.
In von Neumann architecture of the original, he describes an arithmetic and Logic Unit and a Control Unit. In modern computers, the second unit is located in a single integrated circuit (IC - Integrated Circuit), which is usually referred to as CPU (Central Processing Unit).
Logic and arithmetic units, or Arithmetic Logic Unit (alu), is a tool that make the implementation as the implementation of basic arithmetic (addition, subtraction, and the like), the implementation of logical (AND, OR, NOT), and the implementation of the comparison (for example, compare the contents of two slots for equality). This is done on the units "work" is evident.
Save the command control unit which is now done by computer, ordered the implementation and pestle to get the information back (from memory) that is required to implement the command, and move the results back to a memory location that is appropriate. Once that happens, the control unit to go to the next (usually placed in the next slot, except that the command is the command to jump to inform the computer that the next placed in another location).
Input and Results
I / O allows the computer to get information from the outside world, and put the work there can be physical (hardcopy) or non-physical (softcopy). There are various means of I / O, from the familiar keyboard, monitor and disk drive, to the more unusual such as webcam (web camera, printer, scanner, and so forth.
Owned by all normal means of entry is that they encode to (change) from a range of information in the data can be further processed by a digital computer system. Tool output, men-in to decode the data information which can be understood by the computer. In this sense, the computer system is an example of digital data processing system.
Instructions
Operating System Command discussed above is not the rich human languages. Computers have only a limited number of simple commands that properly formulated. The command is understood that most normal computer is the "copy the contents of cell 123, and 456 cells in imitation," "add the contents of the cells 666 to 042 cells, and the result in cell 013", and "if the contents of cell 999 is 0, the next you in 345 cells. "
Instructions represented in the computer as a number - the code for "copy" may be 001, for example. A special set of commands that are supported by a particular computer language known as the engine computer. In practice, people usually do not write commands to the computer directly on the machine language programming language, but the "high level", which was then translated into machine language automatically by special computer programs (interpreters and compilers). Some of the programming language closely related to the language engine, such as assembler (low level languages); on the other hand, languages like Prolog are based on the abstract principles that are far from the actual detail of the engine (high-level language)
Instructions represented in the computer as a number - the code for "copy" may be 001, for example. A special set of commands that are supported by a particular computer language known as the engine computer. In practice, people usually do not write commands to the computer directly on the machine language programming language, but the "high level", which was then translated into machine language automatically by special computer programs (interpreters and compilers). Some of the programming language closely related to the language engine, such as assembler (low level languages); on the other hand, languages like Prolog are based on the abstract principles that are far from the actual detail of the engine (high-level language)
Architecture
Contemporary computer and put the pestle to the control unit in a single integrated circuit known as the Central Processing Unit or CPU. Typically, the computer memory is placed in the top few small integrated circuits near the CPU. Tool that occupies most space in the computer system is ancilliary (for example, to provide electrical energy) or device I / O.
Some larger computers differ from the above model in the one main thing - they have several CPU and control unit that works together. Moreover, several computers, used largely for purposes of research and scientific perkomputeran, is significantly different from the model above, but they have found little commercial use.
Function of the computer is actually fairly simple principle. Reach the computer and data from memory. The command is done, the results are stored, and the next reach. This procedure is repeated until the computer is turned off.
Program
Computer program is a list of commands to be done by computer, perhaps with the data in the table. Many computer programs contain millions of commands, and many of the command is carried out repeatedly. A [[Personal computer [PC]] Modern general (in 2003) can do about 2-3 billion in the sedetik. Computers do not have the ability through their extraordinary ability to perform complex commands. However, they do millions of simple commands that are governed by intellect, "programmer." "Both the Programmer elaborate set-set of commands to perform tasks (for example, draw a dot on the screen) and then create a set of command-set is available to other programmers." Nowadays, most computer programs to do some appearances as well. This is usually referred to as multitasking. In fact, make the CPU from one program, then after some time, the CPU switch to the second program, and do some command. A small distance of time is often referred to as time slices (time-slice). This program raises notional fold ganda conducted simultaneously with a CPU time of the program. This is similar to how the film is still just a series of flash frame. Operating system is a program that usually take this time out
Some larger computers differ from the above model in the one main thing - they have several CPU and control unit that works together. Moreover, several computers, used largely for purposes of research and scientific perkomputeran, is significantly different from the model above, but they have found little commercial use.
Function of the computer is actually fairly simple principle. Reach the computer and data from memory. The command is done, the results are stored, and the next reach. This procedure is repeated until the computer is turned off.
Program
Computer program is a list of commands to be done by computer, perhaps with the data in the table. Many computer programs contain millions of commands, and many of the command is carried out repeatedly. A [[Personal computer [PC]] Modern general (in 2003) can do about 2-3 billion in the sedetik. Computers do not have the ability through their extraordinary ability to perform complex commands. However, they do millions of simple commands that are governed by intellect, "programmer." "Both the Programmer elaborate set-set of commands to perform tasks (for example, draw a dot on the screen) and then create a set of command-set is available to other programmers." Nowadays, most computer programs to do some appearances as well. This is usually referred to as multitasking. In fact, make the CPU from one program, then after some time, the CPU switch to the second program, and do some command. A small distance of time is often referred to as time slices (time-slice). This program raises notional fold ganda conducted simultaneously with a CPU time of the program. This is similar to how the film is still just a series of flash frame. Operating system is a program that usually take this time out
Operating system is a combination of such a useful code snippet. When such a computer code can be used together by a variety of different computer programs, after many years, programmers finally menmindahkannya the operating system.
Operating system, determine which program is run, when, and where the equipment (such as memory or I / O) that they use. Operating system also provides services to other programs, such as a code (drivers) that allows programmers to write programs for a machine without the need to know the detail of all electronic equipment that is connected.
Computer parts
Computer consists of 2 major parts: Software and hardware.
Computer consists of 2 major parts: Software and hardware.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar