History of Operating System

History of Operating System DOS, Windows and Linux

Do not forget the history ...!
This sentence is not only applicable in the real world, but also in the computer world, especially the operating system.

Learning the history really interesting, even though history is only the operating system / operating system (OS) of a computer. Most do not learn the history of computer operating systems, we gain insight not only knowledgeable and berkutat on one operating system only.

This article will decipher the history of the operating system of DOS, Mac, Windows, BSD, and Linux.

1980

* QDOS: Paterson Team of Seattle Computer write QDOS made famous from the OS at that time, CP / M. QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System) marketed by the name of Seatle Computer 86-DOS because it is designed for the Intel 8086 processor.
* Microsoft: Bill Gates of Microsoft licensed QDOS buy and sell them to various computer companies.

1981

* PC DOS: IBM PC DOS launched purchased from Microsoft for a computer-based Intel 8086 processor.
* MS DOS: Microsoft MS DOS to use the name for this OS, if sold by the company outside of IBM.

1983

* MS DOS 2.0: Version 2.0 of MS DOS was launched on the PC XT.

1984

* System 1.0: Apple launched the Macintosh with OS derived from BSD UNIX. System 1.0 is the first operating system that was based graphics and use the mouse.
* MS DOS 3.0: Microsoft launches MS DOS 3.0 for the PC AT using Intel 80286 chip, and that supports the use of hard disks over 10 MB.
* MS DOS 3.1: Microsoft launches msdos 3.1 which provides support for the network.

1985

* MS Windows 1.0: Microsoft introduces MSWindows, the operating system that was based environment provides a graphical (GUI) and multitasking capabilities. Unfortunately, the operating system is very poor and unable to perform, the success of rival Apple.
* Novell Netware: Novell launched a network-based operating system Netware 86 are made for Intel 8086 processor.

1986

* MS DOS 3.2: Microsoft launches MS DOS 3.2 which adds support for 3.5 inch floppy 720 KB.

1987

* OS / 2: IBM introduced OS / 2 that was based graphics, as a candidate for IBM PC DOS.
* MS DOS 3.3: Microsoft launches MS DOS 3.3 which is the most popular versions of MS DOS.
* Windows 2.0: Windows version 2.0 introduced.
* MINIX: Andrew S. Tanenbaum developed Minix, a Unix-based operating system that is intended for education. MINIX later making Linux Conference.

1988

* MS DOS 4.0: Microsoft issued a msdos 4.0 with graphical environment.
* WWW: Proposal World Wide Web (WWW) by Tim BernersLee.

1989

* NetWare/386 (also known as version 3) released by Novell for the Intel 80386 processor.

1990

* Farewell: Two separate corporate giant, IBM is running the OS / 2 and concentrate on Microsoft Windows.
* Windows 3.0: Microsoft launches Windows version 3.0 that get good enough reception.
* MSOffice: membundel Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint to remove saingannya such as Lotus 123, WordStar, Word Perfect and Quattro.
* DR DOS: Digital Research introduced the DR DOS 5.0.

1991

Linux * 0:01: Students Helsinki named Linus Torvalds developed a Unix-based OS from the Minix operating system that has Linux.
* MS DOS 5.0: Microsoft launches msdos 5.0 with the addition of facilities full-screen editor, Undelete, unformat and Qbasic.

1992

* Windows 3.1: Microsoft launched Windows 3.1 and Windows for Workgroups and 3:11 in the next year.
* BSD 386: OS-based Open Source from the BSD Unix derivative distributed by Bill Jolitz after leaving Berkeley Software Design, Inc. (BSDI). 386 BSD later became chief of the BSD Open Source projects, such as NetBSD, FreeBSD, and OpenBSD.
* Linux distributions: Linux distro is distributed in the format that is a combination of OS plus application program. The first Linux distribution known as SLS (Softlanding Linux System).

1993

* Windows NT: Microsoft launched Windows NT, OS without first DOS-based graphics on the server for the planned network.
* Web Browser: NCSA introduced the release of the first mosaic, a web browser for the Internet.
* MS DOS 6.0: Microsoft introduces msdos 6.0 Upgrade, which includes disk compression program DoubleSpace.
* Slackware: Patrick Volkerding Slackware Linux distribution which is the first popular distribution among Linux users.
* Debian: Ian Murdock from the Free Software Foundation (FSF) to create Linux-based OS by the name of Debian.
* MS DOS 6.2: Microsoft launches msdos 6.2.
* NetBSD: Project new OS-based Open Source is developed from 386BSD created using the name of NetBSD.
* FreeBSD: Following NetBSD, a project that developed from 386BSD also created with the name of FreeBSD.

1994

* Netscape: Internet big time to reach the popularity of Netscape Navigator as your browser to introduce the Internet.
* Msdos 6:22: Microsoft launches msdos with 6:22 compression program called DriveSpace. This is the last version of MS DOS.
* FreeDOS: Jim Hall, a student from the University of WisconsinRiver develop Falls Development FreeDOS. FreeDOS is made after Microsoft intends to stop its support DOS and replace it with Windows 95.
* SuSE: Linux OS version was developed by German System und Software Entwicklung GmbH (SuSE) and is made of the first Linux distro, SLS.
* Red Hat: Marc Ewing start making Red Hat Linux distribution.

1995

* Windows 95: Microsoft launched Windows 95 with the song Start Me Up from the Rolling Stones and sold more than 1 million copies within 4 days.
* PC DOS 7: IBM introduces the PC DOS 7 that is integrated with the popular program pengkompres data Stacker from Stac Electronics. This is the last version of the IBM PC DOS.
* Windows CE: Windows CE version first introduced to the public.
* PalmOS: Palm became popular with the PalmOS for PDA.
* OpenBSD: Theo de Raadt fuse develop NetBSD OpenBSD.

1996

* Windows NT 4.0: Microsoft launched Windows NT version 4.0

1997

* Mac OS: For the first time Apple introduced the use of the name of the Mac OS on Mac OS 7.6.

1998

* Windows 98: Internet Explorer Web browser into an important part of Windows 98 and successfully subvert domination Netscape Navigator.
* Linux Server: Linux gets support from many big companies, like IBM, Sun Microsystems and Hewlet Packard. Linux-based server start is replacing many Windows NT-based server.
* Google: Best Search Engine on the Internet and present known to use Linux as a server.
* Japan Goes Linux: TurboLinux launched in Japan and soon to be favorite OS in Asia, particularly in Japan, China and Korea.
* Mandrake: Gael Duval of Brazil to develop a Mandrake distribution derived from Red Hat.

1999

* Support: Hewlett Packard announced a service 24 / 7 for the distribution Caldera, Turbo Linux, Red Hat and SuSE.
* Corel Linux: the program Corel Corel Draw, which previously have been providing Linux version of Word Perfect, join to create Linux-based OS by the name of Corel Linux, and later switch the name to Xandros.

2000

* Mac OS / X: Mac OS is replaced with the BSD-based Unix machine with the kernel as Mac OS / X.
* Windows 2000: Microsoft launches Windows 2000 as the successor of Windows NT.
* Windows Me: Microsoft launches Windows Me, the latest version of Windows 95.
China Goes * Linux: Red Flag Linux was launched from the People's Republic of China.
* IBM vs. Microsoft: Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer called Linux a cancer in an interview with the Chicago SunTimes. On the other hand, IBM CEO Louis Gartsner states with support on the Linux invest $ 1 billion for the development of Linux.

2001

* Windows XP: Microsoft to introduce Windows XP.
* Lindows: Michael Robertson, founder of MP3.com, Lindows start development derived from the Debian. Later Lindows changed its name to Linspire because of a change in the name of a claim by Microsoft.

2002

* Open Office: Program office-based Open Source was launched by Sun Microsystems.
* Local OS: OS made people began to appear based on Linux, including Trustix Merdeka, WinBI, RimbaLinux, Komura.

2003

* Windows 2003: Microsoft released Windows Server 2003.
* Fedora: Redhat Fedora Core distro announced as the successor. Later some local distribution, are made based Fedora, such as 1.0 and BlankOn IGOS Nusantara.
* Novell: Ximian, the Linux-based software developer acquired by Novell, as well as SuSE is acquired by Novell.
* LiveCD: Knoppix is a Linux distro first developed the concept with the LiveCD that can be installed without having to first. Local distributions are made from a Knoppix Linux Waroeng Healthy and IGOS.

2004

* Ubuntu: Ubuntu released the first version and distributed to the world. There are several versions of the distribution is issued, the Ubuntu (Gnome based), Kubuntu (KDE-based), Xubuntu (Xfce-based), and Edubuntu (for education).

2005

* Mandriva: Mandrake merged with Conectiva and changed name to Mandriva.

2006

* Unbreakable Linux: Oracle join to create a Linux-based distribution derived from Red Hat Enterprise.
* CHIPLux: local distributions continue to appear in this year, even Magazines CHIP which provides more discussion of Windows also not make a Linux distro CHIPLux name, derived from the distribution of the local PC LINUX family PCLinuxOS (Mandriva variants). CHIPLux is a local distribution of the first distributed in DVD format.

2007

* Vista: After delayed for some time, Microsoft finally launched Windows Vista. Windows Vista 3D features introduced with the Aero Glass Desktop, Sidebar, and Flip 3D. Unfortunately, all this beauty must be paid to the needs of high specification computer is very high.

2008

* 3D OS: Unlike Vista which requires a high specification, 3D Desktop Linux on the computer appears with the specification that is very lightweight. Era Desktop 3D technology presence in Indonesia by the presence of 3D OS operating system developed by PC LINUX. There are several versions of which are provided, namely the 3D version of the OS to the user and the public version of Linux distro cafe and gaming center Linux.

Computer

Computer is a tool that is used to process data in accordance with the procedures that have been formulated. The word computer is used to describe people who perkerjaannya perform arithmetic calculations, with or without hearing aids, but the meaning of these words and then moved to the machine itself. First of origin, processing information almost exclusively related to the arithmetic problem, but modern computers are used for many tasks not related to mathematics.

In such definition, there are tools like a slide rule, mechanical calculator of the type of abakus and so on, until all contemporary electronic computers. A more appropriate term for the broad sense as "computer" is "to process information" or "information processing system."

How Computers Work

While the technology used in digital computer has changed dramatically since the first computer in the 1940s (see History of the hardware count for more detail), most computers still use Von Neumann architecture, which is proposed in the early 1940's by John von Neumann .

Von Neumann architecture describes a computer with four main areas: arithmetic and Logical Unit (pestle), the control unit, memory, inputs and equipment and the results (collectively called I / O). This section is connected by the wire, "bus"

Memory

In this system, memory is a sequence of bytes be numbered (like "cells" or "hole dove"), each containing a small piece of information. This information may be said to command the computer what to do. Cell may contain data that is required to conduct a computer command. Each slot may contain one, and that now the data may then become a command.

Memory store various forms of information as binary digits. Information that has not solved akan shaped binary (encoded) with a number of instructions into a sequence of numbers or figures. For example: Letter F is stored as a decimal number 70 (or binary digits) using one of the methods of solution. More complex instructions that can be used to store images, sound, video, and all kinds of information. The information can be stored in a sell is called a byte.

In general, memory can be written back over millions of times - the memory can diumpamakan as blackboard and chalk that can be removed and re-written, rather than write a book with a pen that can not be deleted.

The size of each cell, and the number of cells, a great change from computer to computer, and technology in the making of memory is a great change - from Electromechanical relay, to a tube filled with mercury (and spring) in which the acoustic balance established, permanent magnet to the matrix, to each transistor, to integrated circuits with millions of transistor on a single Silicon chip.

Processing

Unit Pemproses Center or CPU (central processing unit) to process berperanan landing, and carry out counting down laluan information menerusi computer system. Unit or peranti akan pemprosesan also communicate with peranti input, output and storan for implementing the referral-related referrals.

In von Neumann architecture of the original, he describes an arithmetic and Logic Unit and a Control Unit. In modern computers, the second unit is located in a single integrated circuit (IC - Integrated Circuit), which is usually referred to as CPU (Central Processing Unit).

Logic and arithmetic units, or Arithmetic Logic Unit (alu), is a tool that make the implementation as the implementation of basic arithmetic (addition, subtraction, and the like), the implementation of logical (AND, OR, NOT), and the implementation of the comparison (for example, compare the contents of two slots for equality). This is done on the units "work" is evident.

Save the command control unit which is now done by computer, ordered the implementation and pestle to get the information back (from memory) that is required to implement the command, and move the results back to a memory location that is appropriate. Once that happens, the control unit to go to the next (usually placed in the next slot, except that the command is the command to jump to inform the computer that the next placed in another location).

Input and Results

I / O allows the computer to get information from the outside world, and put the work there can be physical (hardcopy) or non-physical (softcopy). There are various means of I / O, from the familiar keyboard, monitor and disk drive, to the more unusual such as webcam (web camera, printer, scanner, and so forth.

Owned by all normal means of entry is that they encode to (change) from a range of information in the data can be further processed by a digital computer system. Tool output, men-in to decode the data information which can be understood by the computer. In this sense, the computer system is an example of digital data processing system.

Instructions

Command discussed above is not the rich human languages. Computers have only a limited number of simple commands that properly formulated. The command is understood that most normal computer is the "copy the contents of cell 123, and 456 cells in imitation," "add the contents of the cells 666 to 042 cells, and the result in cell 013", and "if the contents of cell 999 is 0, the next you in 345 cells. "

Instructions represented in the computer as a number - the code for "copy" may be 001, for example. A special set of commands that are supported by a particular computer language known as the engine computer. In practice, people usually do not write commands to the computer directly on the machine language programming language, but the "high level", which was then translated into machine language automatically by special computer programs (interpreters and compilers). Some of the programming language closely related to the language engine, such as assembler (low level languages); on the other hand, languages like Prolog are based on the abstract principles that are far from the actual detail of the engine (high-level language)

Architecture

Contemporary computer and put the pestle to the control unit in a single integrated circuit known as the Central Processing Unit or CPU. Typically, the computer memory is placed in the top few small integrated circuits near the CPU. Tool that occupies most space in the computer system is ancilliary (for example, to provide electrical energy) or device I / O.

Some larger computers differ from the above model in the one main thing - they have several CPU and control unit that works together. Moreover, several computers, used largely for purposes of research and scientific perkomputeran, is significantly different from the model above, but they have found little commercial use.

Function of the computer is actually fairly simple principle. Reach the computer and data from memory. The command is done, the results are stored, and the next reach. This procedure is repeated until the computer is turned off.

Program

Computer program is a list of commands to be done by computer, perhaps with the data in the table. Many computer programs contain millions of commands, and many of the command is carried out repeatedly. A [[Personal computer [PC]] Modern general (in 2003) can do about 2-3 billion in the sedetik. Computers do not have the ability through their extraordinary ability to perform complex commands. However, they do millions of simple commands that are governed by intellect, "programmer." "Both the Programmer elaborate set-set of commands to perform tasks (for example, draw a dot on the screen) and then create a set of command-set is available to other programmers." Nowadays, most computer programs to do some appearances as well. This is usually referred to as multitasking. In fact, make the CPU from one program, then after some time, the CPU switch to the second program, and do some command. A small distance of time is often referred to as time slices (time-slice). This program raises notional fold ganda conducted simultaneously with a CPU time of the program. This is similar to how the film is still just a series of flash frame. Operating system is a program that usually take this time out

Operating System

Operating system is a combination of such a useful code snippet. When such a computer code can be used together by a variety of different computer programs, after many years, programmers finally menmindahkannya the operating system.

Operating system, determine which program is run, when, and where the equipment (such as memory or I / O) that they use. Operating system also provides services to other programs, such as a code (drivers) that allows programmers to write programs for a machine without the need to know the detail of all electronic equipment that is connected.

Computer parts
Computer consists of 2 major parts: Software and hardware.